Philosophical Models The Great Filter Theory - 708 Words

In many ways, although humanity has evolved technologically, many of the basic questions we have about ourselves and our place in the universe remain similar to those asked in the Ancient World. We remain caught, as Simone Weill notes, between the universality of justice and the personal intimacy of love which continues to wreak havoc with our ability to reconcile many of the issues we continue to face in the late 20th and early 21st century. Try as we might, it is quite difficult to understand that the 20th century brought some of the greatest examples of human dignity and expression of good, contrasted with the banality of evil. Playing off the ideas of Freud, we can turn to Victor Frankl to explore the theme of conscious while we look at modern issues of terrorism, ecological crisis, and globalism. Certainly, looking at the compassionate nature of Simone Weill and the significance of humanity requiring a belief system posited by Kierkegaard and Becker, we might ask ourselves how h umans, if innately good, have such abilities to express positive love and yet approach the destruction of humankind. Indeed, the 20th century, for the first time in history, brought the very real nature of humanity to the brink of destruction of the entire species. It seems that we have a dualism at work, the individual and the good we can do as secular saints at the micro level, and the kind of change that people such as Mother Theresa and Martin Luther King, Jr. brought about at theShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy Of Adult Education1318 Words   |  6 Pagestaught to children and different content for adults. My impression of adult education has changed immensely. First and foremost, the first lesson learned that teaching adults are a separate, intensive, and long debated process. Portions of certain theories learned illustrated below. I have extended knowledge about Meizrow (Transformational Learning) and Knowles (Andragogy). The six key features of Adult Learners are: (1) Self/directed learning, (2) Utilizes knowledge and life experiences, (3) GoalRead MoreThe Generation Of Young Professionals1375 Words   |  6 Pageswe are more informed, yet less relational. High exposure to instantaneous information from ever increasing internet access and the shrinking of our world due to explosive growth of social media has resulted in a society that is connected, but at a great distance and on a level that is minimally personal. Additionally, education has conformed to this idea of centralizing information, as we see that from the SAT to the AMFTRB, millennials have been subjected to curriculum that is centered around standardizedRead MoreCigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect4920 Words   |  20 Pagesissue of cigarette advertising from the ethical point of view. The evidence examined basically tells about the unsuccessful restrictions of cigarette advertising. Relevant theories are applied, such as Consequentialism and Elaboration Likelihood model to make a more explicit research of the topic. The analysis part combines theory, cases, author’s opinion and values and tries to provide an objective viewpoint from two perspectives: advertising and users/non-users of cigarettes, and advertising andRead MoreCigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect4909 Words   |  20 Pagesissue of cigarette advertising from the ethical point of view. The evidence examined basically tells about the unsuccessful restrictions of cigarette advertising. Relevant theories are applied, such as Consequentialism and Elaboration Likelihood model to make a more explicit research of the topic. The a nalysis part combines theory, cases, author’s opinion and values and tries to provide an objective viewpoint from two perspectives: advertising and users/non-users of cigarettes, and advertising andRead MoreCognitive psychology  . Essay5542 Words   |  23 Pages1928; Chomsky, 1959). These issue led to the decline of behaviorism as the dominant branch of scientific psychology and to the â€Å"Cognitive Revolution†. The Cognitive Revolution began in the mid-1950s when researchers in several fields began to develop theories of  mind  based on complex representations and computational procedures (Miller, 1956; Broadbent, 1958; Chomsky, 1959; Newell, Shaw, amp; Simon, 1958). Cognitive psychology became predominant in the 1960s (Tulving, 1962; Sperling, 1960). Its resurgenceRead MoreThe Sociology of Love, Courtship, and Dating4568 Words   |  131 Pagesto agree on a uniform definition, although there are several competing but complementary typologies that attempt to pin down those emotional and behavioral states that add up to romantic â€Å"love.† Love scholarship can be roughly divided into two philosophical camps: (1) that which argues love must have certain components to be genuine, for instance, to differentiate it from mere liking or lust, and (2) that which suggests that love is a publicly informed but privately experienced state that is whateverRead More Exploring Research Metho dologies: Positivism and Interpretivism2119 Words   |  9 Pages Exploring Research Methodologies: Positivism and Interpretivism Before a researcher can initiate a research project, they face the confusion and the range of theoretical perspectives, methodologies, methods, and the philosophical basis that encompasses them all. This seemingly meticulous structure for the research process is in fact aimed toward providing the researcher with a ‘scaffolding’, or a direction which they can go on to develop themselves to coincide with their particular research purposesRead MoreExploring Research Methodologies: Positivism and Interpretivism2143 Words   |  9 PagesExploring Research Methodologies: Positivism and Interpretivism Before a researcher can initiate a research project, they face the confusion and the range of theoretical perspectives, methodologies, methods, and the philosophical basis that encompasses them all. This seemingly meticulous structure for the research process is in fact aimed toward providing the researcher with a ‘scaffolding, or a direction which they can go on to develop themselves to coincide with their particular research purposesRead MoreTherapeutic Styles of Counselling4870 Words   |  20 Pagesthat one becomes able to choose and/or organize one’s own existence in a meaningful manner (Jacobs, 1992; Yontef, 1982, 1983). An awareness of the relational field is a way of understanding how one’s context influences one’s experience. Gestalt theory suggests that people define themselves by how they experience themselves in their field in relation to others. Yontef Jacobs (2008, p. 340) argue that this is an identity boundary that needs to be permeable enough to allow for connection to othersRead MoreCMNS 304 Notes Essay5778 Words   |  24 Pagesreference (what allows it to be unchanged? It is the speed of light; a universal concept) Gadamer (How we interact with texts) Framing and filtering, our mind is trained to filter through junk. How do we filter? Men = content, Women = context focused No one comes to understand without some prejudices The things we filter in and out is what Gadamer calls the â€Å"Horizon† How can I place myself in that persons Horizon Responding through content, process and affect (Carl Rogers) Paradigm Change

The Essential Element to Be a Financial Planner Free Essays

â€Å"Describe the essential element to be a successful financial planner in Hong Kong and China. Explain the challenges of practicing ethical financial planning in Hong Kong and China. † Successful financial planning Successful financial planning Establishing trusting relationships with clients Establishing trusting relationships with clients Strong reputation Strong reputation Professional and ethical behavior Professional and ethical behavior Strong financial planning knowledge Strong financial planning knowledge Strong interpersonal skills Strong interpersonal skills Financial planning has become much more important over the decade in Hong Kong and China. We will write a custom essay sample on The Essential Element to Be a Financial Planner or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many graduates and other people with professional financial planning knowledge engage into the field of financial planning. Being a successful financial planner, certain conditions should be fulfilled to respond the demand of clients and general public. Figure1 Conditions of successful financial planning As figure1 stated, a successful financial planner should establish trusting relationships with their clients which require strong reputation of those financial planners. There are three main elements to construct the strong reputation to the clients, including strong financial planning knowledge, strong interpersonal skills and professional and ethical behavior. Financial planners are required to have the all-round knowledge. They are expected to evaluate all aspects of the clients’ financial needs including consumption, income and wealth analysis, insurance, retirement life, tax and estate planning. They should provide value-added services to fulfill the needs of the clients accordingly. Also, there are some microeconomic and acroeconomic factors would affect the performance of the investment portfolio. A professional financial planner should have related knowledge for clients’ best interest. In Hong Kong, the financial market is well-developed . It is easy to find a large range of financial products to invest. Plenty of choices imply that financial planners should understand the nature of each product to suit the client’s need. To increase public confidence in the financial planning, many banks and insurance companies require their staff to take the CFP examination. As for China, Chinese government has opened the financial market over the years which lead to the changes of the Chinese circumstance frequently. So financial planners in China are required to receive related education to enhance the public confident on financial planning. Taking the example of China taxation system, there were several changes in tax incentive for foreign business and individual income tax. Financial planners in China should aware these changes and modify their tax planning quickly for their clients. Interpersonal skills are essential to financial planners. Because they have to collect the data from their clients to make recommendations to their clients. When collecting data from their clients, financial planners should show their integrity and competence to convince the clients. It can be better to set the financial goal for their clients. Chinese people would not disclose their private information to the stranger easily. It hampers financial planners to help their clients to pursue their financial goals. Financial planners who serve for Chinese people should use their interpersonal skills to get close with their clients and collect more information. Many successful salespeople suggest making friend with the customers and clients. Caring with client’s needs help financial planners to make a close relationship with their clients. For example, one child policy in China makes the citizens to concern more about their retirement life. A financial planner can gain client’s trust by sharing their knowledge on retirement planning and making suggestions. Professional and ethical behavior is the third important element for financial planners to gain reputation. Nowadays, more people concern about the ethical practice in financial sector, especially after the financial tsunami. Integrity can build trust with the clients and gain reputation. CFP Board set the â€Å"Code of Ethics and Professional Responsibility† which includes several principles – integrity, objectivity, competence, fairness, confidentiality, professionalism and diligence. Without these principles, a financial planner cannot establish a well relationship with their clients. To fulfill these three elements, a financial planner can gain good reputation among their clients and establish trusting relationships with them which make him or her to be a successful financial planner. CFP mark is the qualification recognized by Financial Planning Standards Board (FPSB). A financial planner needs to fulfill certain conditions – education, examination, experience and ethics. Every financial planner would face ethical challenges when practicing financial planning. There are some examples for challenges of practicing ethical financial planning in Hong Kong and China. There are complex financial products in Hong Kong and China. It is hard to compare these new and complex products with the traditional one. The aim of financing planning is to provide professional services to suit the needs of their clients. Ethical practice means doing the right thing. A structured product can generate higher cash flow than treasury bonds in the blooming economic. However, it incurs higher risk for the client’s investment at the time. For the financial planner, it is difficult to say for certain that those new and complex products are better than the tradition investment tools. And it makes the decision-making to become harder. Another ethical challenge is the method of compensation. In US, most financial planners are compensated via a combination of fees and commissions. Comparing with the financial planners in Hong Kong and China, many of them are compensated by commission and low basic salary. Commission is a motivation which drives financial planners to maximize the asset value of their clients. Higher growth rate of the asset value implies higher commission that planners can earn. However, commission-based compensation would bias financial planners to perform a risky portfolio. Instead of concerning clients’ interest, planners would pursue his or her own benefit for survival. Because the basic salary might not be enough for living. In Hong Kong and China, financial planners may face the pressure from their employers or supervisors. They have to meet the monthly quota of some â€Å"recommended† products. In general, they receive high commission by selling these products. Different from the salespeople, financial planners are advising their financial planning to their clients but not selling it. Those â€Å"recommended† products may not be suitable for their clients’ situation and needs. It goes against the principle that a financial planner should put client’s interest in the first priority. In conclusion, financial planners have to deal with many ethical dilemmas in reality. When a professional financial planner is facing the difficulty at work, he or she can still put their client’s interest on first and avoid the trap from those unethical practices. In the future, it is expected that the field of financial planning will grow extensively in Hong Kong and China. And there will be more professional financial planners to engage into this field. How to cite The Essential Element to Be a Financial Planner, Essay examples

Computer and Information Technology Actor-Network Theory

Question: Describe about The rapid innovations and advancements in computer and information technology. Answer: Introduction The rapid innovations and advancements in computer and information technology have definitely undergone significant evolution to enhance new thoughts and new strategies that use the force of logical information and handling systems. The quick progression of data innovation realizes new ideas and components onto the field that aggregately partake in framing an array of processing (Sayes 2014). These advances comprise of a few parts of science and technology study. It is critical to perform a viable assessment of the framework gathering basically includes recognizing the human and non-human actors and actants that connect with each other by assuming individual parts; and eventually shape a system of data frameworks. Thus, in this study, two live stories has been considered for breaking down the different actants and non-human actants to characterize the part that play in a system of Information Technology. Discussion on the suitability of actor network theory The concept of Actor network theory or ANT depends on sociology speculations where its fundamental usefulness fits in with its interpretation or socio-technical network. The concerned system network is unique of hypothetical learning where data is prepared from an arrangement of gathered information that shows diverse experimental exercises (Rydin 2012). The center of ANT depicts interrelationships among the different actors in exploratory network systems. It is firmly pertinent to the present investigation of recognizing the cooperation of human and non human actors in current processing activities. It is principally in light of the fact that ANT comprehends the specialized development forms and investigative learning creation (Roberts 2012). The actors (both human and non-human) follow up on the system, all the more particularly, in the middle of social science and innovation sciences. Computing story 1: Millions of Android devices vulnerable to new Stagefright exploit Many android devices may be vulnerable to attack as security researchers and analysts have exploited a bug called Stagefright that helps them to hack phones from remote locations. This particular bug has previously termed as the worst Android bug that has ever been discovered (Wired UK 2016). However, NorthBit, an Israeli software security research organization has been able to accurately exploit this specific Android bug and named the exploitation as Metaphor has been already successfully run and tested on Nexus 5, HTC One, LG G3 as well as Samsung Galaxy S5. Zimperium had discovered the Stagefright vulnerability in 2015 July. This particular hack enabled executing remote malicious codes on Android devices which have a potential to affect almost 95 % of them. The critical vulnerability discovered in .mp4 and .mp3 files where looked into deeply and closely to find that it was running a malicious code and executing the code from a remote location. This has been dubbed in October 2015 as Stagefright 2.0 (Wired UK 2016). In relation to this context, the characteristics and features of Stagefright have been found to be as a software library built using C++ programming language. This library is in-built in nature to the Android OS (operating system). It can detect or suspect memory corruption and possess the capability to activate harmful codes in the Android device. From the actor network theorys perspective, it can be observed that the non-human or technical actants that are identified in this particular story are the android bug and the mali cious code associated with it. This actant is directly acting upon another non-human actant, which is the Android device. However, the human actors in this system network are those users of Android devices who suffer from the consequences of the hack or attack (Hooper 2012). Hence, the assemblage formed in this story can be critically analyzed from ANT perspective to identify the human and non-human actors in the concerned socio-technical network related to this context, including the way they interact with each other to create the story. Computing story 2: China's $1 billion shopping app turns everyone into trend spotters XiaoHongShu (meaning Little Red Book) is a Chinese app that was launched in 2014 January and attracted around 15 million customers within just two years of time. The particular app has been able to manage about $200 million in annual merchandise sales. It associates investors such as GSR, GGV Capital, ZhenFund and TenCent. A 31 years old mechanical engineering student named Mao invented the app in China to enable the people, especially those who travel abroad and do shopping purposefully, to share their shopping concerns, feedbacks and experiences (Wired UK 2016). However, after noticing many aspects that confirmed the fact that the customers of that app want to purchase directly, the app included a warehouse and started sourcing with an electronic commerce free trade zone. However, the underlying organization behind the XiaoHongShu app is the Xingyin Information Technology firm that gets benefit of around twenty thousand (20,000) bloggers. Mao has shared his experience in regards to what he has learnt from the founder of Instagram, who was also one of his acquaintances (Farias and Bender 2012). He said the success of Little Red Book does not necessarily depend on the strategy of recruiting greater number of people; rather it relies on the ability to focus on the business as well as iterating on the core value of the product. In relation to this particular context, it is important to understand the interactions of the actants after identifying their existence in the network involved in the present story. The actants (technical and non-human ones) are directly affecting the consumers of China who are more inclined towards shopping for new products using a direct platform involving direct sourcing. In order to obtain a positive outcome for the business, out of the interaction with the human actors i.e. the customers, it is essential to implement direct sourcing and work according to such a way that ultimately brings satisfaction to its consumers (Guggenheim and Potthast 2012). From this study, it can be assumed that, each actant participating in a system, case or an ICT execution story are influenced by various other actors to achieve the purpose of social event or assemblage. Enhancement of management in the stories The two computing stories involve a specific level of technical and non-technical elements that act upon the business processes otherwise referred to as the network assemblage (Davis and Pyper 2015). The Little Red Book takes into consideration the business management strategy that specifically prioritizes the customers based on the socio-technical aspects. The retail operations are intended to be brought to the customers so that it can enable them to use retail with just a few clicks (Bueger 2013). The story of the shopping app of China XiaoHongShu defines the importance of interrelationships among the social actants or humans (e.g. customers and consumers who are intended towards directly buying products). The interaction specifically points out the need and benefit lying in implementing direct sourcing for the Xingyin Company in retailing activity. On the other hand, it has been observed that the Stagefright Android bug exploitation called Metaphor opens up several vulnerability issues and security related dangers for Android devices (Boerboom and Ferretti 2014). These advancements comprise of a few parts of science and correspondence study. It is vital to perform a successful assessment of the framework array basically includes recognizing the human and non-human actors and actantss that collaborate with each other by assuming individual parts; and at last shape a system of data frameworks. Issues raised in the stories In relation to the first story, the role of Stagefright as an Android bug is significantly influencing the use of Android devices as it determines the security aspects of the android operating systems used in those devices that run the malicious codes or in built C++ library incorporated inside the operating system. When looked at the context from the perspective of actor network theory, it demonstrates the significance of interaction occurring between the users i.e. the human actants involved in the network with the technical objective associated with the business (Best and Walters 2013). The issues raised in story essentially tries to convey the fact that it is fundamental for each business division to contribute more on Information innovation as opposed to depending just barely upon the HR. The execution of an all around arranged Information framework will build the proficiency, profitability, execution, versatility, limit and precision identified with business process. Conclusion The two stories have been investigated from the point of view of participating actants system network assemblage. An exhaustive investigation performed on the processing stories utilizing the points of view of actors and actants system network helps precisely distinguishing the actants (human and non-human) and the way the take an interest in the collaborations inside of the concerned system. It successfully understands the significance of an incorporated methodology that is required to be trailed by the related actors and actantss so as to initiate the collection and empower the operations. The two uncommon stories, which have discussed for this particular assignment, have unmistakable hardware and programming actants, which are interrelated to each other. The presentation of data innovation is essential to get the sought results as far as aggressive business sector and in addition effective conduction of the business forms. IT assumes an imperative part in the choice making techniq ue of an association to choose how well an association can maintain the business and business sector their items and also benefits. References Best, J. and Walters, W., 2013. Actor-Network Theory and International Relationality: Lost (and Found) in Translation.International Political Sociology,7(3), pp.332-334. Boerboom, L. and Ferretti, V., 2014. Actor-Network-Theory perspective on a forestry decision support system design.Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,29(sup1), pp.84-95 Bueger, C., 2013. Actorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Network Theory, Methodology, and International Organization.International Political Sociology,7(3), pp.338-342. Davis, P. and Pyper, N., 2015. Applying actor network theory and pragmatist thinking to the process of implementing scenarios.International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy,10(2-4), pp.88-102. Farias, I. and Bender, T. eds., 2012.Urban assemblages: How actor-network theory changes urban studies. Routledge. Guggenheim, M. and Potthast, J., 2012. Symmetrical twins: On the relationship between Actor-Network theory and the sociology of critical capacities.European Journal of Social Theory,15(2), pp.157-178 Hooper, L., 2012. Actor Network Theory. Roberts, J.M., 2012. Poststructuralism against poststructuralism: Actor-network theory, organizations and economic markets.European Journal of Social Theory,15(1), pp.35-53. Rydin, Y., 2012. Using ActorNetwork Theory to understand planning practice: Exploring relationships between actants in regulating low-carbon commercial development.Planning Theory, p.1473095212455494 Sayes, E., 2014. ActorNetwork Theory and methodology: Just what does it mean to say that nonhumans have agency?.Social Studies of Science,44(1), pp.134-149. Wired UK. (2016).Stagefright: Millions of Android devices at risk from new exploit (Wired UK). [online] Available at: https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2016-03/16/stagefright-android-real-world-hack [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. Wired UK. (2016).XiaoHongShu, the $1bn shopping app turning everyone into trendspotters (Wired UK). [online] Available at: https://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2016/04/features/little-red-book-xiaohongshu-crowdsourced-shopping-app [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016].

What I Believe Life Lessons Learned as a Child Essay Example For Students

What I Believe Life Lessons Learned as a Child Essay As a child, one of the most difficult things I had to deal with was when my father abandoned our family. In my family there had always been financial difficulties, which leads to a lot of fighting and bickering between my parents. I just believed that how things were, though, of course it hurt to see it. However, as time progressed I saw the emotional distance between my parents grow, until there was nothing but silence. Not too long after I noticed this silence is when my father left. To be honest, what I felt most upon coming home from school and seeing all his belongings gone was relief. I was relieved to think the tension between my parents would no longer be there. I was relieved to not have to tiptoe around my father out of fear he might become angry. The relief eventually turned to fear and anxiety. Growing up in a home filled with tension, I learned early on to take on the worries and anxieties of my parents, and then mother. After my father left, I knew money would become an even greater issue than it was before. We will write a custom essay on What I Believe Life Lessons Learned as a Child specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I knew my mother would have to work even harder to support us financially. I then decided that I would do what I could to help out. While I was too young to go out and get a job, I found I could do small things, at home to help out. I helped to clean and keep watch over my younger siblings. I learned to cook, which is an activity I enjoy till this day. Even at a young age I found I was able to contribute to help our family manage. In reminisces, I find it hard to believe that I did overcome the handful responsibilities which I could not imagine these days. As I grew older, and when things got really tough, we found food pantries would donate to us and when we could, we donated to these pantries. As a teenager an after graduating from high school, I returned the favor that was given to us by volunteering at food pantries or participating in food drives to help gather canned food to be distributed to those in need. The biggest lesson all of this has taught me is that we, as humans, cannot and were not meant to survive on our own. One of the biggest problems I think that lays at the heart of American culture is our individualistic nature. We pride ourselves on doing thing on our own and â€Å"rugged individualism. † These are good qualities, in moderation. The problem is, many of these notions have been taken to the extreme. People were meant to thrive in community with one another. As a child, I learned that people are stronger and better when they work together. This is a life lesson I will carry with me until the end of my life because it is what I truly believe in.

1. Representing Your Country in Any Negotiation Is a Serious Commitment and a Major Responsibility. Discuss Your Action and Preparation for the Agenda. Essay Example

1. Representing Your Country in Any Negotiation Is a Serious Commitment and a Major Responsibility. Discuss Your Action and Preparation for the Agenda. Essay Example 1. Representing Your Country in Any Negotiation Is a Serious Commitment and a Major Responsibility. Discuss Your Action and Preparation for the Agenda. Essay 1. Representing Your Country in Any Negotiation Is a Serious Commitment and a Major Responsibility. Discuss Your Action and Preparation for the Agenda. Essay Essay Topic: Everything I Never Told You Negotiation is the process of getting what you want for what you want. Negotiation happen everyday in every facet of life. But when representing a country, it is a huge responsibility. Because when we represent a country, the country pride is at our shoulder. It will be more important if we are going to negotiate with other countries as it will affects the relations between countries in the future, and it will be watched closely by the international community, So what determines whether negotiation is successful or a failure? One of the key tools to success is quantity and depth of preparation you undertake before sit down with your counterparts to discuss your deal. Negotiation has two outcomes you either get what you want (for what you want) or you fail. Failure could result in both failing to obtain what you want or trading over. Negotiation is typically seen as a four stage process, the first step and perhaps the most important step in negotiation is preparation. A negotiation can be won or lost in the preparation phase. Effective negotiation involves thoughtful planning and preparation. Along with good negotiating skills of the negotiators at the bargaining table, good research analysis is an important determinant of a negotiation outcome. But what does preparation entail? Simply put its knowing what you want, what you wont accept and factors that might influence the outcome of the deal. According to Saner (2000), the three major phases of the negotiation life cycle are: Planning, Action and Assessment. The Planning process actually takes place before the major phase, i. e. Action, which is literally the negotiation period among the parties. The Planning phase includes identifying the problem area and awareness of conflicts, analysis of need and identifying the interests of the stakeholders, selecting the objective and strategy, selection of tactics and knowing the opponent. The Assessment phase consists in the evaluation of the negotiation, which determines whether the negotiation is complete or there is any scope for a future negotiation. Each negotiation is going to be different, no matter how often weve addressed similar situations. We will always be negotiating with people who have different styles, goals and objectives, and who are coming from different circumstances and have different standards. So, always take stock and gauge each negotiation as something unique. There are basically two types of conflict situations we may encounter in a negotiation. Conflicts can present themselves singularly, or may be a mixture of the two. It is vital that the negotiator carefully analyze the conflict issues, both individually and collectively, to fully appreciate the unique challenges they present. By analyzing the types of conflict into categories, negotiators can have a better understanding of the real measure of the disputes, and frame or focus their strategies more effectively. There are only two reasons why we enter into a negotiation. The first reason occurs when out of necessity, we have to. This could be due to either some immediate need, such as urgency to find a particular supplier, or it could be that we face severe cutbacks in personnel, if we cant increase our business. The second reason occurs when we are seeking out an opportunity. This situation may arise simply because an opportunity has sprung up, where we can increase our overall business at an opportune time. The reason for entering into a negotiation will affect both our approach and strategy, and also our relative negotiating power in comparison to our counterpart. We also need to ask ourselves whether the results of the negotiation we are conducting, will affect other negotiations or agreements later. Countries today have international interests. An agreement with the particular country, may affect how talks will impact or be influenced, with negotiations that will transpire later. With other countries, its vital that we, as negotiators, consider the impact or consequences of an agreement in developing our strategy. We either enter into negotiations because we have to, or because we want to. Part of our strategy will involve a careful analysis of our BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement). If an agreement is absolutely essential, and we have few alternative options, in the event of talks collapsing, this will affect our strategy. Or, if the negotiated agreement is not essential because we have a strong option, and can walk away with confidence, this also influences the approach to our strategy. Negotiations are often private affairs with little fanfare, until an agreement is signed. There are also agreements that are advertised afterwards, to maximize the mutual benefit both sides obtain. On other occasions, negotiations may be held in strict secrecy. Then, there are the highly publicized occasions when the press becomes actively involved. It could be that one of the negotiating parties uses the powers of the press, to lever an advantage to sway and manipulate the outcome. We need only scan the daily newspapers, to understand the importance of how public involvement can influence and add intense pressure to some negotiations. The press can be utilized as a public forum to embarrass our opponents’ into action, or to deflect their strategy. Press releases are another means to use as an effective strategy in the negotiation process. Time has an impact on the course of negotiations from two perspectives. First there are deadlines that might be imposed, to either make or break an agreement. Offers with expiry dates may be tendered. Secondly, we all know that Time is money. Negotiations use up time, and if a plant is shut down while the clock is ticking because of a strike, then this is costing money. Or, it could be due to some other resource issue, such as waiting for badly needed components, in order to resume production. The point to remember is that the longer the negotiations drag out; time will negatively affect the bottom line. But in a negotiation, everything can happen, so we must be ready if the negotiation process extends to a period of time. It can also take a long time for it to reach an agreement and finalized. We should never automatically assume that a negotiation is going to result into a successful agreement. Always ask yourself, Okay! If all else fails, what other choices or options do I have? This means that it is most desirable to have some options or alternatives to turn to when the talks collapse. To use the popular parlance of negotiation, this means we need to know our BATNA which is the acronym for Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement, a term popularized by Roger Fisher and William Ury in their best selling novel titled, Getting to Yes Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. Knowing our own interests and figuring out their real interests is not enough. We cant just make up a simple list and figure thats all we have to do. We need to prioritize and rank this list according to importance. By understanding our own priorities and our counterparts priorities we can more effectively consider our concessions in terms of their strengths relative to each side. The idea is to give up on less important concessions which may have value to them, while getting the other side to give us concessions which are more important to us. When agreement or conclusions have been reached and you are ready to end your negotiation, review the agreement that has been reached. Then, end your negotiation on a positive note. Commending those involved and emphasizing the progress made. Once you have reached agreement over the terms of your negotiation you must then close the deal. This can often be the cause of many frustrations and broken deals as once you have agreed a deal – how do you ensure it’s enforced? Closing your negotiation implies that you will not improve your offer or you have what you want. It’s important to know when to do this as closing too early could alert your opponent into realizing the deal is not in their favor and they may attempt to pull out of the deal. Closing too late could have the opposite affect and you may end up trading over the odds, offering needless concessions which go against your original proposal. As has been told earlier, preparation is the most important part of a negotiation. Be ready, because it will determine what will happen at the negotiation table. All of our action will be based on our preparation before the meeting takes place. When representing a country in negotiation, its not that we went there as an individual, but we are the representative of a country that want something or resolving a disputes with other countries that clearly will not just agree just like that.

Speak of the Devil!

Speak of the Devil! Speak of the Devil! Speak of the Devil! By Maeve Maddox One of my favorite sayings is God is in the details. It makes me think of patient medieval manuscript illuminators who might spend days on the meticulous execution of one initial letter. Their work was a form of prayer. Every detail deserved the utmost attention because the work was being offered to the glory of God. Nowadays the expression has morphed into the Devil is in the details The necessity of paying close attention to details is still the focus of the saying, but now the admonition warns against ignoring details for fear of law suits or time delays. A FEW OTHER DEVIL EXPRESSIONS between the devil and the deep blue sea trapped in a difficult situation with no easy way out. (between a rock and a hard place) therell be the devil to pay there will be severe consequences devilled eggs hard-cooked eggs in which the yolks have been flavored with hot spices; devilled grilled with hot condiments (also spelled deviled) devils food cake a rich moist, airy layer cake made with cocoa. Probably named to contrast it with angel food cake, which is white and fluffy. devil-may-care attitude a wildly reckless attitude that laughs at caution a devil of a question a question that has no easy answer, or, perhaps, a question considered impertinent by the person being asked it. dust devil sand spout or dust storm printers devil a printers apprentice devilry, deviltry, devilment all words referring to devilish behavior, either in the sense of wicked behavior or of roguery. speak of the devil nowadays this expression is used when one has been speaking of a person just before the person arrives. Or perhaps one has been speaking of rain just before a downpour. Full-length versions of the proverb: Speak of the devil and he will appear; Speak of the devil and hell be at your elbow. The expression originated with the belief that one should not mention the devils name for fear of attracting his attention. Devils advocate from Latin. advocatus diaboli, one whose job it is to urge against the canonization of a candidate for sainthood. little devil little rascal; playful use for clever rogue devilish behavior wicked behavior OTHER NAMES FOR THE DEVIL Old Nick Old Scratch Lucifer Beelzebub The Tempter The Lord of Darkness The Deceiver The Lord of the Flies Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)8 Types of Parenthetical Phrases50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses

Increasing or restricting Andragogy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Increasing or restricting Andragogy - Essay Example First, there is the problem within the nomenclature itself, problematized by both the terms 'adult' and 'education' that constitute it. Secondly, there is the problem of dissociating the term from within a matrix of related, but at more fundamental level, different terms like 'continuous education' and 'andragogy'. What really adds to our problem in this respect is the fact that we have to approach this problem at a time when an unprecedented complexity within the social formation itself has rendered educational institutes and education, both in definition and practice, complex. Therefore, we have to take into account both the objective semantics of the term as well as try and locate it within a specific twentieth century educational context.The term 'adult education' is a comparatively new one, coined much after it was actually in practice. It is a result of many years of evolutions, and its meaning, even now is far from simple and monolithic. Even as early as in 1927, Hall-Quest co nceded the difficulties in defining the term. One of the biggest problems related to the definition of 'adult education' is, whether it refers to a set of methodologies by which 'adults' can be taught, or is it a holistic term that includes the general endeavor of educating adults in a specific way as well as a detailed study of government adaptation and subsequent implementation of policies that target the adults specifically as the subject of educational instruction. Theorists like Alan Rogers have defined adult education as a process 'whereby anyone over 16 (or whatever) are treated as adults - capable, experienced, responsible and balanced people'. Such a definition has two major problems; first 'adult education' becomes synonymous with 'andragogy' thus affecting the semantic rigor of the term. Secondly, values like capability, experience and responsibility are more often than not terms defined by culture and there is no platform or parameter that is universally agreed upon, whi ch makes the term can lacking in ethnographic rigor. It is therefore, important that we first clear the ethnographic tangle and then go on to arrive at a working definition of the term. Who is an 'adult' It is probably the first major question we have to answer before we get into any further exposition of the term. An adult can be defined in respect to age: affixing a cut-off age as in legal and administrative procedures. However, in all streams of study and human discipline this parameter is the least applied. There are various methods of measuring adulthood, which are not concrete and yet central to an understanding of the phenomena, across the world which can often differ, and at times even oppose one another. Adulthood, in the West, is often associated with the ideas of independence, to have one's own principles and perceptions on life and the ability to live up to it. It is integrally connected to question of self-sufficiency and living on one's own term - which by corollary, means an ability to satisfy one's own desires. In a num ber of Oriental cultures, Japan for example, this itself can be a mark of juvenile world-view and immaturity, because in that culture it is the ability to submerge one's own desires and to sacrifice them is what is counted as a true adult behavior. These dichotomies immediately place any ethnographic approach towards defining the term on slippery and problematic ground. Similarly there is little agreement